Bifurcation of the Global System

Drawing on systems theory applied to international relations, Velina Tchakarova examines the global system as a web of interdependent subsystems — finance, trade, energy, supply chains — now undergoing comprehensive transformation. She traces the mounting stress from the US–China decoupling and the broader deglobalization cycle, and explains what the bifurcation of the global system means for state and non-state actors navigating a shifting international order.